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比較86種減低二氧化碳排放計畫,與搭乘飛機時不託運行李的減碳效果

比較86種減低二氧化碳排放計畫,與搭乘飛機時不託運行李的減碳效果

 

目次

1:何謂「Project Drawdown反轉地球暖化計畫」?

2:比較每人每日平均排放二氧化碳的減碳效果

3:比較每人每年平均排放二氧化碳的減碳效果

Stop climate change

1:何謂「Project Drawdown反轉地球暖化計畫」?

「Would you still bring your luggage on board a plane after looking at this data?」在先前主要使用了日本環境省的數據,比較了每人每日平均排放二氧化碳的減碳效果。這次則使用了「Project Drawdown反轉地球暖化計畫」的數據,針對各種減碳效果做了更多樣的比較。

在「Project Drawdown反轉地球暖化計畫」中,共集結190位研究員、專家、科學家組成了國際性團體,針對氣候變遷議題,提出了在現今技術發展之下能夠實際執行且大膽的解決方案,出版了「Drawdown: The Most Comprehensive Plan Ever Proposed to Reverse Global Warming」一書。這本著作透過領導世界的科學家及決策者們縝密的調查,提出了涵蓋2020年至2050年的解決方案,並在全世界中獲得高度評價。

「Project Drawdown」的最新數據可以在「https://drawdown.org」中看到。而我們利用了最新數據,以到日本旅行時不託運20公斤行李來減低二氧化碳排放量,這樣的減碳效果,比較書中提出的各種氣候變遷對策。我們使用的數據為Scenario 1,Scenario 1是至2100年為止將氣溫上升控制於2度的方案,另外,「Project Drawdown」將氣溫上升控制於1.5度的方案標註為Scenario 2。

 

Reduction in CO2 emissions(Drawdown Scenario 1 and 2)

SOLUTIONSECTOR(S)SCENARIO 1SCENARIO 2
Gigatons CO2 Equivalent Reduced / Sequestered (2020–2050)
1Reduced Food WasteFood, Agriculture, and Land Use / Land Sinks88.5102.2
2Plant-Rich DietsFood, Agriculture, and Land Use / Land Sinks78.3103.1
3Family Planning and EducationHealth and Education68.968.9
4Refrigerant ManagementIndustry / Buildings57.257.2
5Tropical Forest RestorationLand Sinks54.585.1
6Onshore Wind TurbinesElectricity47.0143.6
7Alternative RefrigerantsIndustry / Buildings42.748.8
8Utility-Scale Solar PhotovoltaicsElectricity40.8111.6
9Clean CookingBuildings31.476.3
10Distributed Solar PhotovoltaicsElectricity26.764.9
11SilvopastureLand Sinks26.642.3
12Methane Leak ManagementOther Energy25.831.3
13Peatland Protection and RewettingFood, Agriculture, and Land Use / Land Sinks25.440.3
14Tree Plantations (on Degraded Land)Land Sinks22.035.1
15Temperate Forest RestorationLand Sinks19.427.9
16Concentrated Solar PowerElectricity18.021.5
17Perennial Staple CropsLand Sinks16.332.9
18InsulationElectricity / Buildings15.418.5
19Regenerative Annual CroppingFood, Agriculture, and Land Use / Land Sinks15.123.2
20Tree IntercroppingLand Sinks15.024.4
21LED LightingElectricity14.515.7
22Managed GrazingLand Sinks13.720.9
23Multistrata AgroforestryLand Sinks13.323.9
24Conservation AgricultureFood, Agriculture, and Land Use / Land Sinks12.88.1
25Abandoned Farmland RestorationLand Sinks12.520.3
26RecyclingIndustry10.411.3
27Offshore Wind TurbinesElectricity10.29.9
28Improved Rice ProductionFood, Agriculture, and Land Use / Land Sinks9.914.4
29Building Automation SystemsElectricity / Buildings9.614.0
30Public TransitTransportation9.415.4
31Efficient TrucksTransportation9.210.8
32CarpoolingTransportation9.111.1
33High-Performance GlassElectricity / Buildings8.811.3
34Indigenous Peoples’ Forest TenureFood, Agriculture, and Land Use / Land Sinks8.712.5
35Bamboo ProductionLand Sinks7.719.6
36Alternative CementIndustry7.715.6
37Electric CarsTransportation7.79.8
38Smart ThermostatsElectricity / Buildings6.97.3
39Efficient Ocean ShippingTransportation6.79.8
40Waste to EnergyElectricity / Industry6.35.2
41District HeatingElectricity / Buildings6.29.7
42Geothermal PowerElectricity6.29.2
43Methane DigestersElectricity / Industry6.07.1
44Forest ProtectionFood, Agriculture, and Land Use / Land Sinks5.68.8
45Efficient AviationTransportation5.35.8
46Biogas for CookingBuildings4.79.7
47Improved Cattle FeedFood, Agriculture, and Land Use4.415.1
48Recycled MetalsIndustry4.312.3
49High-Efficiency Heat PumpsElectricity / Buildings4.09.1
50Perennial Biomass ProductionLand Sinks4.07.0
51Seafloor ProtectionFood, Agriculture, and Land Use3.85.1
52Reduced PlasticsIndustry3.85.4
53Solar Hot WaterElectricity / Buildings3.413.7
54Grassland ProtectionFood, Agriculture, and Land Use / Land Sinks3.44.3
55Improved Manure ManagementFood, Agriculture, and Land Use3.36.1
56Nuclear PowerElectricity3.23.6
57System of Rice IntensificationFood, Agriculture, and Land Use / Land Sinks2.94.4
58Walkable CitiesTransportation2.83.5
59Nutrient ManagementFood, Agriculture, and Land Use2.811.5
60Bicycle InfrastructureTransportation2.74.6
61TelepresenceTransportation2.64.4
62Biomass PowerElectricity2.63.6
63Macroalgae Protection and RestorationCoastal and Ocean Sinks2.63.8
64Seaweed FarmingCoastal and Ocean Sinks / Coastal and Ocean Sinks2.54.7
65Recycled PaperIndustry2.32.9
66Electric TrainsTransportation1.93.3
67Small HydropowerElectricity1.73.2
68Hybrid CarsTransportation1.64.7
69Electric BicyclesTransportation1.41.6
70Biochar ProductionEngineered Sinks1.43.0
71Sustainable Intensification for SmallholdersFood, Agriculture, and Land Use / Land Sinks1.40.7
72BioplasticsIndustry1.32.5
73Ocean PowerElectricity1.30.8
74High-Speed RailTransportation1.33.6
75Coastal Wetland ProtectionFood, Agriculture, and Land Use / Coastal and Ocean Sinks1.21.6
76Farm Irrigation EfficiencyFood, Agriculture, and Land Use1.12.1
77CompostingIndustry1.11.4
78Improved FisheriesFood, Agriculture, and Land Use / Coastal and Ocean Sinks1.01.5
79Low-Flow FixturesElectricity / Buildings0.91.5
80Coastal Wetland RestorationCoastal and Ocean Sinks0.81.0
81Water Distribution EfficiencyElectricity0.60.9
82Green and Cool RoofsElectricity / Buildings0.51.0
83Recycled PlasticsIndustry0.51.7
84Improved AquacultureFood, Agriculture, and Land Use0.50.8
85Dynamic GlassElectricity / Buildings0.30.5
86Micro Wind TurbinesElectricity0.10.1
Total1,047.01,638.7

Source: Project Drawdown

 

forest fire (on a mountain)

 

2:比較每人每日平均排放二氧化碳的減碳效果

「Project Drawdown」在計算每人平均二氧化碳排出量的減碳效果時,使用了2020年當時的世界人口數量(78.2億人)、經濟合作暨發展組織(OECD)會員國的人口數量(13.7億人)、高所得國家的人口數量(12.4億人),這三個數據。之所以會使用經濟合作暨發展組織(OECD)及高所得國家的人口數量來做計算,是由於考慮到全世界的二氧化碳排放量中,先進國家的二氧化碳排放量在整體裡佔更高比例,因此先進國家也有更大幅的減碳空間。順帶一提,2019年時全世界的二氧化碳排放量佔比,其中經濟合作暨發展組織(OECD)會員國佔了34%,而從高所得國家來看則是佔了35%。

在「Project Drawdown」記載的86種降低二氧化碳計畫(Scenario 1之數據)中,以每人每日平均的減碳量來計算的話,擁有最高減碳效果的做法是「減少食物浪費」,其次則為「在飲食中多攝取植物性食品」。「減少食物浪費」所提出的每日平均減碳效果為,世界人口每人平均減碳1.0公斤、經濟合作暨發展組織(OECD)會員國每人平均減碳5.9公斤,高所得國家每人平均減碳6.5公斤。

Food waste

如同「看過這些數據後你還會決定攜帶行李上飛機嗎?」的分析,搭乘飛機到日本旅行時不託運20公斤行李的話,便有減低74.5公斤二氧化碳排出量的效果(全世界19國搭機訪日之單程平均值),也就是說,若比較在「Project Drawdown」中記載的數據,不託運行李擁有10倍以上的二氧化碳減碳效果。

 

Daily CO2 emissions reduction per capita (kg)

SOLUTIONWorld populationOECD polurationHigh income population
Reduced 20kg luggage (One way to Japan)74.5074.5074.50
Reduced Food Waste1.035.906.51
Plant-Rich Diets0.915.225.76
Family Planning and Education0.804.595.07
Refrigerant Management0.673.814.21
Tropical Forest Restoration0.643.634.01
Onshore Wind Turbines0.553.133.46
Alternative Refrigerants0.502.853.14
Utility-Scale Solar Photovoltaics0.482.723.00
Clean Cooking0.372.092.31
Distributed Solar Photovoltaics0.311.781.96
Silvopasture0.311.771.96
Methane Leak Management0.301.721.90
Peatland Protection and Rewetting0.301.691.87
Tree Plantations (on Degraded Land)0.261.471.62
Temperate Forest Restoration0.231.291.43
Concentrated Solar Power0.211.201.32
Perennial Staple Crops0.191.091.20
Insulation0.181.031.13
Regenerative Annual Cropping0.181.011.11
Tree Intercropping0.181.001.11
LED Lighting0.170.961.06
Managed Grazing0.160.911.01
Multistrata Agroforestry0.150.880.98
Conservation Agriculture0.150.850.94
Abandoned Farmland Restoration0.150.830.92
Recycling0.120.690.76
Offshore Wind Turbines0.120.680.75
Improved Rice Production0.120.660.72
Building Automation Systems0.110.640.70
Public Transit0.110.630.69
Efficient Trucks0.110.610.67
Carpooling0.110.600.67
High-Performance Glass0.100.590.65
Indigenous Peoples’ Forest Tenure0.100.580.64
Bamboo Production0.090.510.57
Alternative Cement0.090.510.57
Electric Cars0.090.510.56
Smart Thermostats0.080.460.51
Efficient Ocean Shipping0.080.450.49
Waste to Energy0.070.420.46
District Heating0.070.410.45
Geothermal Power0.070.410.45
Methane Digesters0.070.400.44
Forest Protection0.060.370.41
Efficient Aviation0.060.350.39
Biogas for Cooking0.050.310.34
Improved Cattle Feed0.050.290.33
Recycled Metals0.050.290.32
High-Efficiency Heat Pumps0.050.270.30
Perennial Biomass Production0.050.270.29
Seafloor Protection0.040.250.28
Reduced Plastics0.040.250.28
Solar Hot Water0.040.230.25
Grassland Protection0.040.220.25
Improved Manure Management0.040.220.25
Nuclear Power0.040.210.23
System of Rice Intensification0.030.190.21
Walkable Cities0.030.190.21
Nutrient Management0.030.180.20
Bicycle Infrastructure0.030.180.20
Telepresence0.030.180.19
Biomass Power0.030.170.19
Macroalgae Protection and Restoration0.030.170.19
Seaweed Farming0.030.170.18
Recycled Paper0.030.150.17
Electric Trains0.020.130.14
Small Hydropower0.020.110.12
Hybrid Cars0.020.110.12
Electric Bicycles0.020.090.10
Biochar Production0.020.090.10
Sustainable Intensification for Smallholders0.020.090.10
Bioplastics0.020.090.10
Ocean Power0.010.080.09
High-Speed Rail0.010.080.09
Coastal Wetland Protection0.010.080.09
Farm Irrigation Efficiency0.010.080.08
Composting0.010.080.08
Improved Fisheries0.010.070.07
Low-Flow Fixtures0.010.060.07
Coastal Wetland Restoration0.010.050.06
Water Distribution Efficiency0.010.040.04
Green and Cool Roofs0.010.040.04
Recycled Plastics0.010.030.04
Improved Aquaculture0.010.030.04
Dynamic Glass0.0040.020.03
Micro Wind Turbines0.0010.010.01

Source: Project Drawdown, Japan Tourism Agency, Worldometer, World Bank Data, ECTA, and our calculations

Note: Calculations based on Scenario 1 of Project Drawdown

 

Daily-CO2-emissions-reduction-per-capita

Source: Project Drawdown, Japan Tourism Agency, Worldometer, World Bank Data, ECTA, and our calculations

Note: Per capita reduction is calculated based on the population of Scenario 1, High-income countries in Project Drawdown. “Reduced 20kg luggage” is the reduction in CO2 emissions when 20kg of luggage is not carried on board an airplane for travel to Japan (the average one-way trip from 19 countries).

 

3:比較每人每年平均排放二氧化碳的減碳效果

根據日本觀光廳的「訪日外國人消費動向(2019年)」報告指出,外國人平均一年訪日次數為1.8次,以全世界19國搭機訪日的飛行距離・訪日人數・平均一年訪日次數來計算的話,若在搭飛機時不託運20公斤的行李,便可以得到一年總計減低137公斤二氧化碳排放量的效果(以一年平均訪日1.8次計算)。

 

Annual CO2 emissions reduction per capita (kg)

SOLUTIONWorld populationOECD polurationHigh income population
1Reduced Food Waste377.22,152.92,377.3
2Plant-Rich Diets333.81,905.52,104.1
3Family Planning and Education293.71,676.11,850.8
4Refrigerant Management243.61,390.31,535.2
5Tropical Forest Restoration232.11,324.61,462.6
6Onshore Wind Turbines200.11,142.11,261.2
7Alternative Refrigerants182.11,039.51,147.8
8Utility-Scale Solar Photovoltaics174.0993.31,096.8
Reduced 20kg luggage (1.8 round-trip to Japan)136.6
9Clean Cooking133.7763.4842.9
10Distributed Solar Photovoltaics113.6648.3715.9
11Silvopasture113.3646.6714.0
12Methane Leak Management110.1628.4693.9
13Peatland Protection and Rewetting108.3617.9682.3
14Tree Plantations (on Degraded Land)93.9536.2592.0
15Temperate Forest Restoration82.8472.4521.7
16Concentrated Solar Power76.7437.9483.5
17Perennial Staple Crops69.6397.5438.9
18Insulation65.6374.1413.1
19Regenerative Annual Cropping64.4367.8406.2
20Tree Intercropping64.1365.6403.7
21LED Lighting61.6351.5388.2
22Managed Grazing58.5333.8368.5
23Multistrata Agroforestry56.5322.6356.2
24Conservation Agriculture54.6311.6344.1
25Abandoned Farmland Restoration53.2303.6335.2
26Recycling44.2252.0278.3
27Offshore Wind Turbines43.6248.6274.5
28Improved Rice Production42.0239.6264.6
29Building Automation Systems40.7232.3256.5
30Public Transit40.1229.2253.0
31Efficient Trucks39.0222.6245.8
32Carpooling38.6220.4243.4
33High-Performance Glass37.6214.6236.9
34Indigenous Peoples’ Forest Tenure37.0211.4233.4
35Bamboo Production32.8187.3206.8
36Alternative Cement32.8187.3206.8
37Electric Cars32.6186.3205.8
38Smart Thermostats29.5168.1185.6
39Efficient Ocean Shipping28.6163.5180.5
40Waste to Energy26.7152.5168.4
41District Heating26.3150.3166.0
42Geothermal Power26.2149.6165.2
43Methane Digesters25.7146.4161.7
Reduced 20kg luggage (1.8 round-trip to Japan)136.6
44Forest Protection23.7135.0149.1
45Efficient Aviation22.5128.7142.1
Reduced 20kg luggage (1.8 round-trip to Japan)136.6
46Biogas for Cooking19.8113.1124.9
47Improved Cattle Feed18.8107.5118.7
48Recycled Metals18.4104.8115.8
49High-Efficiency Heat Pumps17.298.3108.5
50Perennial Biomass Production17.097.3107.4
51Seafloor Protection16.292.4102.1
52Reduced Plastics16.091.5101.0
53Solar Hot Water14.583.091.6
54Grassland Protection14.381.590.0
55Improved Manure Management14.281.389.7
56Nuclear Power13.577.185.2
57System of Rice Intensification12.470.577.9
58Walkable Cities12.168.876.0
59Nutrient Management11.867.474.4
60Bicycle Infrastructure11.666.473.3
61Telepresence11.364.270.9
62Biomass Power11.263.770.4
63Macroalgae Protection and Restoration11.163.570.1
64Seaweed Farming10.760.867.2
65Recycled Paper9.755.561.2
66Electric Trains8.146.551.3
67Small Hydropower7.040.144.3
68Hybrid Cars6.939.243.2
69Electric Bicycles5.933.837.3
70Biochar Production5.833.136.5
71Sustainable Intensification for Smallholders5.833.136.5
72Bioplastics5.732.435.7
73Ocean Power5.430.934.1
74High-Speed Rail5.430.733.8
75Coastal Wetland Protection5.129.232.2
76Farm Irrigation Efficiency4.827.530.4
77Composting4.827.530.4
78Improved Fisheries4.324.627.1
79Low-Flow Fixtures4.022.625.0
80Coastal Wetland Restoration3.218.520.4
81Water Distribution Efficiency2.614.816.4
82Green and Cool Roofs2.312.914.2
83Recycled Plastics2.212.614.0
84Improved Aquaculture2.112.213.4
85Dynamic Glass1.48.39.1
86Micro Wind Turbines0.42.22.4

Source: Project Drawdown, Japan Tourism Agency, Worldometer, World Bank Data, ECTA, and our calculations

Note: Calculations based on Scenario 1 of Project Drawdown

 

Annual CO2 emissions reduction per capita

Note: CO2 emissions reductions per capita are calculated based on Scenario 1 of Project Drawdown and the world population. “Reduced 20kg luggage” is the CO2 emissions reduction effect of stopping loading 20kg of luggage on airplanes when traveling to Japan (one-way average from 19 countries).

 

若將減碳137公斤的效果,與「Project Drawdown」所提出的86種降低二氧化碳排放量計畫相比,在世界人口平均減碳效果中排名第9名,經濟合作暨發展組織(OECD)會員國中的減碳效果中排行第44名,高所得國家的減碳效果中則排行第46名,這在全世界科學家嚴選出來的「反轉地球暖化100招」中算是非常靠前的排名,我想這證明了只要在搭乘飛機時減量行李,便能夠達成非常大的減碳效果。

「Project Drawdown」在解決方案中,提出了從現在起至2050年為止能夠實踐的減碳方法,因此有些方法在目前技術上尚未發開完成,而搭乘飛機時減量行李則是此刻就可以立即實踐的方式。搭飛機時不攜帶行李,更可以省去旅行前準備行李、旅途中搬運行李、旅遊後清洗及整理衣物所需花費的時間及精力,並且讓高齡者及身心障礙人士、親子旅行等較不方便移動的族群,能更輕易地出遊,進而解決旅行落差的問題。立即來體驗看看這種為我們、為地球帶來多種好處,不攜帶行李的新型態旅行吧!

heavy luggage

 

 

 

 

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